波塞冬

十年之前，伦敦奥运会将英国推到全球体育文化最前沿。    PASO CANOAS, Costa Rica -- The fleet of buses roared past the Panama-Costa Rica border.Hundreds of Venezuelan, Haitian and Ecuadorian migrants pressed their faces to the windows as they looked out onto a sign that read “Welcome to Costa Rica.” But few of them will see more of the country than the winding roads through foggy glass.That's because last week Costa Rica and Panama announced that, amid a historic crush of people headed to the United States, thousands of migrants a day would be bussed from the jungle-clad Darien Gap through their territories to the Nicaraguan border.The move is the latest patchwork solution by governments in Central America that often have appeared more concerned with lessening the impact on their own nations than complying with pressure from the Biden administration to keep migration levels in check. Regional leaders will seek longer term solutions at a migration summit in Mexico on Sunday.For many undertaking the dangerous journey north, like María Angelys, a 30-year-old Venezuelan traveling with her 2-year-old daughter, the bus program sent a clear message: You’re not welcome.“There are tons of Venezuelans everywhere, and the reality is that they don’t want us here,” said Angelys, waiting in a Costa Rican detention facility for a bus. Angelys, who left Venezuela in October due to the economic crisis in her country, said she had hoped to rest after trekking days through the rugged jungle dividing Colombia and Panama. But conditions in Costa Rica's migrant camp were so bad she wanted to continue on as fast as possible.Angelys and her daughter are among more than 420,000 migrants to cross the Darien Gap this year. They wind their way through Central America and Mexico to the U.S.-Mexico border, where U.S. authorities say they’ve stopped migrants more than 1.8 million times in the first 11 months of this fiscal year.The volume even prompted the Costa Rican government to declare a state of emergency in late September. It was a drastic step in a country long known for its open asylum laws and hospitality.“We don’t have the capacity to take on this flow of people,” Jorge Rodríguez, the vice minister to the president, said. “Aid has been generous, but it’s not enough.”Buses pick migrants up from camps in eastern Panama, and transport between 1,500 and 2,000 people a day across Costa Rica's border. They’re dropped off in cramped detention facilities where most sleep on green army cots, bunk beds, cardboard or in tents on the ground where some say liquid from portable toilets leaks.Migrants are not permitted to leave the fenced-off buildings, once a factory, until they buy a bus ticket. A number of migrants told The Associated Press on Monday that they hadn’t eaten since the weekend. Most migrants buy their own bus tickets, paying $30 per person.“You’re Costa Rica and you have a hundred thousand Venezuelan, Chinese, Indians and Ecuadorians in your territory. What do you do? You can’t afford to send them back. This is the least bad option for them,” Adam Isacson, an analyst tracking migration for the Washington Office on Latin America said.It “keeps the migration out of sight, out of mind,” he added, but passes the problem along to the next country.Rodríguez, the vice minister, said while camps “don’t have the best conditions,” it is still better than before when migrants slept on the street. The government is working to address the situation, he said, but still needs training for aid staff, as well as donations of food, beds and vaccines to stop the spread of disease.Angelys, the Venezuelan mother, was among dozens of people waiting in line at Western Union inside the facility for hours for a transfer of $200 from her husband in Chicago to buy bus tickets. She cradled her daughter as other children played and slept on the ground nearby."On one hand, I see it as really good, you get out of the country quickly," she said. “The objective is the United States, no? Not to stay here. But there are many more that don't have the money."Others like 25-year-old Venezuelan migrant Ebrard Sánchez spent his last $120 paying for the government-organized buses from Panama to Costa Rica. The ride was a welcome respite for his wife and 7-year-old son after being robbed in the jungle.Without anyone to transfer the $90 they needed to board the bus to the Nicaragua border, the family had been in the migrant camp for five days waiting for one of the few bus trips donated by companies or aid groups.Sánchez said they would have never climbed aboard if they had known they wouldn't be able to leave the facility."We honestly feel as if we were in prison,” he said. “All we want to do is work, and everyone is closing their doors on us.”Despite two officials and a dozen migrants in the camp telling the AP that migrants are not allowed to leave the camp, Rodríguez, the vice minister, said migrants are not prohibited from exiting, but that doing so would be illegal due to their migratory status.Other countries on the path north — which have long been the source of migration — have scrambled to cope in different ways.In Nicaragua, migration has seen little control, and by most accounts is speedy.Daniel Cano, a 27-year-old Venezuelan who had made it to southern Honduras with his wife and dog, said they crossed Nicaragua in 13 hours without problems. Other migrants who recently crossed Nicaragua said authorities made them get on buses that delivered them directly to the Honduran border.Honduras offers its own host of problems. Migrants can move freely, unlike in Costa Rica, but they lack basic sanitation and are living in deplorable conditions.Denilson Borges, coordinator for Doctors without Borders in the Honduran city of Danli, said the number of migrants crossing Honduras has created a health emergency. Doctors are treating everything from respiratory infections to injuries from violent attacks. Last month, Honduras President Xiomara Castro called it “a humanitarian crisis” requiring a regional response.Honduran immigration officials issue on average 4,000 five-day transit permits to arriving migrants each day in the southern cities of Danli and Trojes.Tents occupy any scrap of greenspace in Danli. At one park, 48-year-old Suhail Briceño rested in her family’s small tent squeezed alongside some two dozen others. Black plastic sheeting was spread over it against frequent rain showers. There were no public toilets.The Venezuelan, struggling with stomach problems, had been living there for two weeks with her husband and other relatives waiting for her son to wire them money to continue moving north. The U.S. government wants countries like Costa Rica and Honduras to manage the flow while trying to deal with the thousands crossing their borders. U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs Brian Nichols told media earlier this month that while such countries are doing a lot “they need to step up and do more.”The moves by Costa Rica and Panama come after weeks of pleading for more international aid to cope with migration.Without ready solutions, leaders from sending countries like Cuba, Venezuela and Haiti, along with Central American transit countries, will meet in Mexico on Sunday to discuss migration and what's pushing people to flee their countries. Biden and other leaders have long touted tackling the roots of migration — corruption, violence and economic crisis — but so far results are limited. “We have an international community that is in denial on how to deal with Venezuela, how to deal with Haiti, how to deal with Nicaragua," said Manuel Orozco, director of the migration, remittances and development program at the Inter-American Dialogue. "And these (transit) countries are the ones facing the consequences.”___Associated Press writers Marlon González in Danli, Honduras and Elliot Spagat in San Diego contributed to this report.。

B | 当时，英国从上至下许多人信心满满地认为，这场夏季奥运会将给英国带来极大的改变。十年之后，伦敦人不得不承认，2012年奥运会的确提升了国民的体育热情，但对于经济的助推力已逐渐消失。卡彭特公寓距离伦敦东区的奥运会主场馆和奥林匹克公园10分钟步行可达。住在这个公寓区路德楼高层公寓20楼的住户沃伦·鲁滨接受当地《旗帜晚报》采访时表示，在2012年奥运会期间，英国广播公司在路德楼内租下房间，改成奥运直播室，不过奥运会直播节目结束后这里又变得冷清。他居住的这片公寓如今至少有400户空房，为了保持人气，这些空房的水电气管线仍一应俱全，这让地方政府背负的开支负担越来越大。

C | 伦敦当地在线新闻媒体“纽汉姆之声”创办人怀特认为，昔日奥运场馆区并没有带动地方繁荣。有地方官员抱怨，众口难调让地区发展失去方向。

D | 此外，一些英国运动员的职业生涯也未如预期般顺利。英国《每日邮报》称，从自行车、游泳到划艇等项目，近些年都有种族、性别歧视或霸凌现象见诸报端。

但伦敦人也承认，2012年奥运会依然带来许多积极效应。

E | 为了纪念伦敦奥运会举办10周年，伊丽莎白女王奥林匹克公园从7月24日到8月初举办庆祝活动，用巨大屏幕播放2012年奥运会精彩片段，免费参观者可尝试自行车、田径和网球等多个奥运会项目。

F | 增强国民体育锻炼意识，是2012年伦敦奥运会留给这个国家的最大财富。

G | 与2005年英国成功申奥之初时相比，目前在英国每周至少参加一次体育活动的人数增加140万。在过去十年，英国政府投向青年和社区体育活动的资金高达10亿英镑，以鼓励更多人参加体育活动并完善相关设施。

H | 此外，英国的创意产业伴随奥运会举办也得到更多的社会重视。伦敦当地人熟悉的“东村”，在10年间成功建造了2个大型商圈，创造就业岗位2.5万个，建成住宅1.1万套。

I | 正在兴建中的东岸创意区容纳维多利亚与艾尔伯特博物馆、沙德勒之井剧院以及英国广播公司当地分支机构，还有多所英国高校“创意区”陆续开放。刚过去一年的东京奥运会，也面临与伦敦同样的问题。据日本NHK电视台报道，7月23日，日本举行仪式纪念东京奥运会开幕一周年，东京都知事小池百合子表示，因新冠肺炎疫情导致东京奥运会历经坎坷，希望能利用好奥运遗产，推动东京向前发展。今年6月，东京奥组委发布最终财务报告，显示东京奥运会和残奥会全部举办费用为1.4238万亿日元（约合130亿美元）。近日，NHK走访了其中投入金额最高的竞技场等场馆，了解到奥运结束后相关体育设施的使用率并不高。

J |

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